Friday, January 10, 2014

Audiometers And What They Are Used For

By Marissa Velazquez


In order to assess hearing loss, audiometers are used to determine the type and degree of the loss. This machine also shows the tolerance or discomfort to speech stimuli and offers information in the abilities of word recognition. The information from testing can help to determine correct hearing aids or other devices needed for patients with significant losses.

The testing room that is used with an audiometer is split into two, one is a sound-proof room for the patient and the other is where the audiologist sits. In the evaluation room are speakers, earphones, CD's, tape recorders, and the audiometer. Using earphones, various tests are sent through one or both of them to measure levels of speech that can be understood. Some testing is done using a bone-conductor vibrator.

Speech awareness thresholds are tested to find the lowest point at which speech can be recognized half of the time. Words that have equal emphasis on each syllable are used, they are known as spondaic words and contain information in each syllable and are easy to understand so that there can be a chance of a reasonable guess. This type of test is good for young patients, those who have suffered neurological damage, and those who speak another language.

The speech recognition threshold test measures recognition of speech at the lowest level 50 percent of the time and it also uses spondaic words. The softest level words recognized and repeated are tested for, this also offers a pure-tone threshold. Gain can be measured during the selection of hearing aids.

Suprathreshold word-recognition testing estimates the ability to understand and repeat conversational single-syllable words, it is also called word or speech discrimination testing. The words used are phonetically balanced, they are presented by a live person, a CD, or a tape. The patient repeats the words to the audiologist and each correct word is give a 2 percent score. When 80 percent or better is achieved the test is stopped, if lower than this it is continued. This test is also performed with patients wearing their hearing aids to check improvement.

Testing young children requires other methods of testing than with adults. They often have limited skills with language, especially with severe hearing losses. Picture cards are used that represent spondaic words. Children are asked before the testing if they understand what the cards represent for accurate results. A list of words selected especially for children is used for kindergarten through first grade.

The word intelligibility test asks children to identify pictures by pointing to them, they are given 25 pages of color pictures each representing a single syllable word. This test is great for for children who are hearing impaired and are 4 years old and up. For children 3 and up the the Northwestern University speech test is a great option. Using both words and sentences, the pediatric speech intelligibility test is for children 3 and up.

There are other tests used for children such as the Bamford-Kowal-Bench speech in noise testing, phonetically balanced kindergarten testing, and the pediatric speech intelligibility tests. Early testing can insure little loss in academic achievement and social development. Finding a good audiologist will ensure the best results and accurate testing. Audiometers provide this critical information.




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