Saturday, January 18, 2014

Spirometers And What They Can Diagnose

By Marissa Velazquez


Doctors use spirometers to test air flow inhaled and exhaled through the lungs. This test is used for the diagnosis of breathing conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, and generally testing of lung capacity. It is also helpful in monitoring those who are being treated for existing lung conditions.

For those who are currently taking medication for a lung condition, the spirometer test can show the efficacy of the medications and show if there is improvement. A doctor will order this test if they suspect a patient has such conditions as COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, or pulmonary fibrosis.

Before taking the test, patients are advised not to use any medications or inhalants for the most accurate readings. Large meals should be avoided in order to breath easier and loose clothing is recommended so that the patient will not be constricted in their breathing.

Before the test begins a soft clip will be placed on the nose to prevent air from escaping though it as well as a mouthpiece filter will be used to guard against contaminants. A deep breath will be taken and then exhaled as hard as is possible into the mouthpiece on the spirometer to test air flow. This can cause one to feel dizzy for a bit or have shortness of breath. One may be asked to repeat this three times to get an accurate reading.

Sometimes a person will be given inhaled medications after the first test to allow the lungs to open more. At least 15 minutes should pass before administering the second test. The tests will then be compared to see if there is an improvement in airflow. Overall the testing will take less than 15 minutes. The results will include a vital capacity (FVC) test to show the most amount of air that can be exhaled, and a forced expiratory volume (FEV-1) test to show how much air is exhaled in a second.

This test is often used to detect respiratory disease in patients who exhibit symptoms of shortness of breath, to diagnose and manage asthma, and to differentiate between cardiac disease and respiratory conditions. It is used to measure the efficacy of treatment in conditions previously detected, to diagnose vocal cord dysfunction, identify the risk of pulmonary barotrauma in scuba divers, access the damage from occupational asthma, differentiate between restrictive and obstructive lung disease, and to measure bronchial responsiveness.

In order to get accurate results from this test the patient needs to fully cooperate with the instructions given. Children aged 6 years and over can take the test as long as they can follow the instructions. It will not work for those who are unconscious, are unable to understand the instructions, are heavily sedated, or have limited respiratory function.

Spirometers are an invaluable instrument for checking lung function while doing rigorous exercise, to check for hyper-responsiveness to the inhalation of either cold or dry air, for bronchial challenge testing, and when using medications such as methacholine or histamines.




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